There are 3 major types of touchscreen:
Capacitive - E.g I phone
The bottom surface of the upper of the upper layer and top surface of the bottom layer are coated in perpendicular lines of transparent conductive material (Indium Tin Oxide) forming a grid
The screen behaves like a capacitor, storing electrical energy
Infra-red (heat-sensitive and optical)
Resistive
Two layers are separated by an insulating membrane
When the screen is pressed by a finger, the two conducting layers touch and complete a circuit. The coordinates of where the screen is touched is then calculated by a processor
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